Which document is known for protecting basic rights of Americans?

The Constitution is indeed a fundamental document that sets forth the framework of the U.S. government and establishes the rule of law. However, when it comes specifically to the protection of basic rights of Americans, the Bill of Rights is the more precise answer.

The Bill of Rights, which comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, explicitly outlines individual liberties and protections against government overreach. These amendments cover essential rights such as freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and the right to a fair trial—rights that are deeply significant in safeguarding the principles of democracy and personal freedom.

The Declaration of Independence, while it embodies the ideals of freedom and equality, primarily articulates the philosophical foundation for America's break from British rule and doesn't serve as a legal document to protect rights. The Federalist Papers, on the other hand, are a collection of writings that advocate for the ratification of the Constitution and provide insights into the thoughts of the founding fathers but do not function as rights protection documents.

Thus, while the Constitution is crucial for establishing government structure, it is the Bill of Rights that specifically enumerates and protects the fundamental freedoms of American citizens.